Araştırma Makalesi
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Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 311 - 331, 01.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.11

Öz

Julia Kristeva’nın psikanalitik kuramında abjeksiyon, yalnızca bedenin bilinç ve bilinçdışı ile etkileşimlerini ortaya koymak ile kalmaz; aynı zamanda beden imgelemi üzerindeki patriarkal tahakkümü de ifşa eder. Kristeva, abjeksiyonu fenomenolojik bir süje olarak kullanır ve onun deneyimler üzerindeki etkilerini post-feminist bir perspektiften inceler. Ona göre patriarkal tahakküm altında beliren deneyimler, tıpkı bedenin “atıkları” gibi maddi varoluş içerisinde sönümlenen, bayağı ve ötekileştirilmiş devinimlerdir. Bu çalışmada Julia Kristeva’nın abjeksiyon kuramından yararlanılarak bedenin pre-modern ve modern düşünce tarihi içerisindeki ikincil konumuna eleştiri getirilmesi ve beden imgelemi üzerindeki patriarkal tahakkümün yapıbozumuna uğratılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için çalışmanın ilk bölümünde bedenin Antikiteden modern sosyal kurama kadarki yolculuğu kronolojik bir perspektiften ele alınmış ve Immanuel Kant, Emile Durkheim gibi düşünürlere odaklanılarak tartışılmış; ikinci bölümünde psikanalistler Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler ve Jacques Lacan’ın öğretilerindeki beden ve psikoz ilişkisi açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Kristeva’nın abjeksiyon kuramı açıklanmış, abjeksiyonun patriarkal inşası incelenmiştir. Çalışma ile bedeni patriarkal abjeksiyon içerisinden kurtarmanın feminist literatür yönünden geçerliliğini koruyan bir gereklilik olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Alfred (2010), İnsanı Tanıma Sanatı (İstanbul: Say Yayınları) (Çev. Kâmuran Şipal).
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail (1984), Rabelais and His World (Bloomington: Indiana University Press) (Trans. Helene Iswolsky).
  • Battersby, Christine (1999), “Her Body/Her Boundaries”, Price, Janet ve Margrit Shildrick (Der.), Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader (New York: Routledge): 341-358.
  • Benbow, Heather Merle (2003), “Ways In, Ways Out: Theorizing the Kantian Body”, Body and Society, 9: 57-72.
  • Bordo, Susan (2003), Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body (California: California University Press).
  • Bowie, Malcolm (2020), Lacan (İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları) (Çev. Vahide Şener).
  • Butler, Judith (1989), “The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva”, Hypatia, 3 (3): 104-118.
  • Colby, Kenneth Mark (1951), “On the Disagreement Between Freud and Adler”, American Imago, 8: 229-238.
  • Diamantis, Aristidis, Kalliopi Sidiropoulou ve Emmanouil Magiorkinis (2010), “Epilepsy during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment”, J Neurol, 257 (5): 691-698.
  • Durkheim, Emile (1964), The Division of Labor in Society (New York: The Free Press).
  • Durkheim, Emile (1966), Suicide (New York: The Free Press).
  • Enloe, Cynthia (1990), Bananas, Beaches and Bases (California: University of California Press).
  • Foucault, Michel (1990), History of Sexuality, Volume I (New York: Penguin Books).
  • Freud, Sigmund (2011), Uygarlık ve Hoşnutsuzlukları (İstanbul: İdea Yayınları) (Çev. Aziz Yardımlı).
  • Freud, Sigmund (2016), “Yaşamım ve Psikanaliz,” Güleç, Cengiz ve Murat Batmankaya (Haz.), Freud (İstanbul: Say Yayınları): 169-202.
  • Freud, Sigmund (2019), Ego ve İd (İstanbul: Oda Yayınları) (Çev. Selin Ceylan Günsay).
  • Freud, Sigmund (2019a), Günlük Yaşamın Psikopatolojisi (Ankara: Dorlion Yayınları) (Çev. Aycan Özüpek).
  • Hancock, Black Hawk (2018), “Michel Foucault and the Problematics of Power: Theorizing DTCA and Medicalized Subjectivity”, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 43: 439-468.
  • Irigaray, Luce (1995), “The Question of the Other”, Yale French Studies, 87: 7-19.
  • Kant, Immanuel (1991), “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”, Reiss, Hans Siegbert (Der.), Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought: Kant’s Political Writings (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press): 54-60.
  • Kant, Immanuel (1996), Practical Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Kant, Immanuel (1996a), Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (Cabondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press) (Trans. Victor Lyle Dowdell).
  • Kevin, Catherine (2009), Feminism and the Body: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing).
  • Kristeva, Julia (1986), “Word, Dialogue and Novel”, Moi, Toril (Der.), The Kristeva Reader (New York: Columbia University Press): 34-61.
  • Kristeva, Julia (2007), Ruhun Yeni Hastalıkları (İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları) (Çev. Nilüfer Erdem).
  • Kristeva, Julia (2014), Korkunun Güçleri: İğrençlik Üzerine Deneme (İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları) (Çev. Nilüfer Erdem).
  • Lacan, Jacques (2013), Psikanalizin Dört Temel Kavramı: Seminer 11. Kitap (İstanbul: Metis Yayınları) (Çev. Nilüfer Erdem).
  • Laqueur, Thomas (1987), “Orgasm, Generation, and the Politics of Reproductive Biology”, Gallagher, Catherine, Thomas Laqueur (Der.), The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century (Berkley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press): 1-41.
  • Lefebvre, Henri (2000), The Production of Space (Oxford and Cambridge: University of Nebraska Press).
  • Lehmann, Jennifer M. (1994), Durkheim and Women (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press).
  • Lehmann, Jennifer M. (1995), Deconstructing Durkheim: A Post-Post Structuralist Critique (London and New York: Routledge).
  • Neugebauer, Richard (1979), “Medieval and Early Modern Theories of Mental Illness”, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 36: 477-483.
  • Pinel, Philippe (1906), A Treatise on Insanity (Sheffield: W. Todd) (Trans. D. D. Davis).
  • Raj, Prayer Elmo (2015), “Text/Texts: Interrogating Julia Kristeva’s Concept of Intertextuality”, Ars Artium, 3: 77-80.
  • Salisbury, Joyce E. (1996), “Gendered Sexuality”, Bullough, V. L. Ve J. A. Brundage (Der.), Handbook of Medieval Sexuality (New York: Garland Publishing): 81-102.
  • Schiebinger, Londa (Der.) (2000), Feminism and the Body (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Schilling, Chris (1993), The Body and the Social Theory (London: Sage Publications).
  • Sigerist, Henry Ernest (1934), “The Foundation of Human Anatomy in the Renaissance”, Sigma XI Quarterly, 22: 8-12.
  • Singer, Charles (1950), “Notes on Renaissance Artists and Practical Anatomy”, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 5: 156-162.
  • Stallybrass, Peter ve Allon White (1986), The Politics and Poetics of Transgression (Ithaca and New York: Cornell University Press).
  • Weiner, Dora (2008), “Philippe Pinel in the Twenty-First Century”, Wallace, Edwin ve John Gach (Der.), History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology (New York: Springer): 305-312.
  • Witz, Anne (2000), “Whose Body Matters? Feminist Sociology and the Corporeal Turn in Sociology and Feminism”, Body & Society, 6: 1-24.
  • Wolff, Janet (1995), Feminine Sentences (Cambridge: Polity Press).

Body, Abjection, and the Patriarchal Domination

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 311 - 331, 01.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.11

Öz

In Julia Kristeva’s psychoanalytic theory, abjection does not only reveal the interactions of the body with the conscious and unconscious; but also reveals the patriarchal domination of body imagery. Kristeva uses abjection as a phenomenological subject and examines its effects on experiences from a post-feminist perspective. According to them, the experiences that emerge under patriarchal domination are vulgar and marginalized movements that fade in material existence, just like the “wastes” of the body. This study aims to criticize the subordinate position of the body in the history of pre-modern and modern thought and deconstruct the patriarchal domination on the imagery of body by using Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection. Thus, in the first part, the journey of body from Antiquity to modern social theory is evaluated from a chronological perspective and discussed by focusing on thinkers such as Immanuel Kant and Emile Durkheim. In the second part, the relationship between body and psychosis in the doctrines of psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Jacques Lacan is explained. In the third part, Kristeva’s abjection theory and the patriarchal construction of abjection are analyzed. The study concludes that rescuing the body from patriarchal abjection is a requirement that maintains its validity in terms of feminist literature.

Kaynakça

  • Adler, Alfred (2010), İnsanı Tanıma Sanatı (İstanbul: Say Yayınları) (Çev. Kâmuran Şipal).
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail (1984), Rabelais and His World (Bloomington: Indiana University Press) (Trans. Helene Iswolsky).
  • Battersby, Christine (1999), “Her Body/Her Boundaries”, Price, Janet ve Margrit Shildrick (Der.), Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader (New York: Routledge): 341-358.
  • Benbow, Heather Merle (2003), “Ways In, Ways Out: Theorizing the Kantian Body”, Body and Society, 9: 57-72.
  • Bordo, Susan (2003), Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body (California: California University Press).
  • Bowie, Malcolm (2020), Lacan (İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları) (Çev. Vahide Şener).
  • Butler, Judith (1989), “The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva”, Hypatia, 3 (3): 104-118.
  • Colby, Kenneth Mark (1951), “On the Disagreement Between Freud and Adler”, American Imago, 8: 229-238.
  • Diamantis, Aristidis, Kalliopi Sidiropoulou ve Emmanouil Magiorkinis (2010), “Epilepsy during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment”, J Neurol, 257 (5): 691-698.
  • Durkheim, Emile (1964), The Division of Labor in Society (New York: The Free Press).
  • Durkheim, Emile (1966), Suicide (New York: The Free Press).
  • Enloe, Cynthia (1990), Bananas, Beaches and Bases (California: University of California Press).
  • Foucault, Michel (1990), History of Sexuality, Volume I (New York: Penguin Books).
  • Freud, Sigmund (2011), Uygarlık ve Hoşnutsuzlukları (İstanbul: İdea Yayınları) (Çev. Aziz Yardımlı).
  • Freud, Sigmund (2016), “Yaşamım ve Psikanaliz,” Güleç, Cengiz ve Murat Batmankaya (Haz.), Freud (İstanbul: Say Yayınları): 169-202.
  • Freud, Sigmund (2019), Ego ve İd (İstanbul: Oda Yayınları) (Çev. Selin Ceylan Günsay).
  • Freud, Sigmund (2019a), Günlük Yaşamın Psikopatolojisi (Ankara: Dorlion Yayınları) (Çev. Aycan Özüpek).
  • Hancock, Black Hawk (2018), “Michel Foucault and the Problematics of Power: Theorizing DTCA and Medicalized Subjectivity”, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 43: 439-468.
  • Irigaray, Luce (1995), “The Question of the Other”, Yale French Studies, 87: 7-19.
  • Kant, Immanuel (1991), “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”, Reiss, Hans Siegbert (Der.), Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought: Kant’s Political Writings (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press): 54-60.
  • Kant, Immanuel (1996), Practical Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Kant, Immanuel (1996a), Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (Cabondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press) (Trans. Victor Lyle Dowdell).
  • Kevin, Catherine (2009), Feminism and the Body: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing).
  • Kristeva, Julia (1986), “Word, Dialogue and Novel”, Moi, Toril (Der.), The Kristeva Reader (New York: Columbia University Press): 34-61.
  • Kristeva, Julia (2007), Ruhun Yeni Hastalıkları (İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları) (Çev. Nilüfer Erdem).
  • Kristeva, Julia (2014), Korkunun Güçleri: İğrençlik Üzerine Deneme (İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları) (Çev. Nilüfer Erdem).
  • Lacan, Jacques (2013), Psikanalizin Dört Temel Kavramı: Seminer 11. Kitap (İstanbul: Metis Yayınları) (Çev. Nilüfer Erdem).
  • Laqueur, Thomas (1987), “Orgasm, Generation, and the Politics of Reproductive Biology”, Gallagher, Catherine, Thomas Laqueur (Der.), The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century (Berkley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press): 1-41.
  • Lefebvre, Henri (2000), The Production of Space (Oxford and Cambridge: University of Nebraska Press).
  • Lehmann, Jennifer M. (1994), Durkheim and Women (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press).
  • Lehmann, Jennifer M. (1995), Deconstructing Durkheim: A Post-Post Structuralist Critique (London and New York: Routledge).
  • Neugebauer, Richard (1979), “Medieval and Early Modern Theories of Mental Illness”, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 36: 477-483.
  • Pinel, Philippe (1906), A Treatise on Insanity (Sheffield: W. Todd) (Trans. D. D. Davis).
  • Raj, Prayer Elmo (2015), “Text/Texts: Interrogating Julia Kristeva’s Concept of Intertextuality”, Ars Artium, 3: 77-80.
  • Salisbury, Joyce E. (1996), “Gendered Sexuality”, Bullough, V. L. Ve J. A. Brundage (Der.), Handbook of Medieval Sexuality (New York: Garland Publishing): 81-102.
  • Schiebinger, Londa (Der.) (2000), Feminism and the Body (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Schilling, Chris (1993), The Body and the Social Theory (London: Sage Publications).
  • Sigerist, Henry Ernest (1934), “The Foundation of Human Anatomy in the Renaissance”, Sigma XI Quarterly, 22: 8-12.
  • Singer, Charles (1950), “Notes on Renaissance Artists and Practical Anatomy”, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 5: 156-162.
  • Stallybrass, Peter ve Allon White (1986), The Politics and Poetics of Transgression (Ithaca and New York: Cornell University Press).
  • Weiner, Dora (2008), “Philippe Pinel in the Twenty-First Century”, Wallace, Edwin ve John Gach (Der.), History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology (New York: Springer): 305-312.
  • Witz, Anne (2000), “Whose Body Matters? Feminist Sociology and the Corporeal Turn in Sociology and Feminism”, Body & Society, 6: 1-24.
  • Wolff, Janet (1995), Feminine Sentences (Cambridge: Polity Press).
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Tuba Kancı 0000-0002-1834-5440

Umutcan Tarcan 0000-0001-6295-2005

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kancı, T., & Tarcan, U. (2022). Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm. Alternatif Politika, 14(2), 311-331. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.11
AMA Kancı T, Tarcan U. Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm. Altern. Polit. Haziran 2022;14(2):311-331. doi:10.53376/ap.2022.11
Chicago Kancı, Tuba, ve Umutcan Tarcan. “Beden, Abjeksiyon Ve Patriarkal Tahakküm”. Alternatif Politika 14, sy. 2 (Haziran 2022): 311-31. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.11.
EndNote Kancı T, Tarcan U (01 Haziran 2022) Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm. Alternatif Politika 14 2 311–331.
IEEE T. Kancı ve U. Tarcan, “Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm”, Altern. Polit., c. 14, sy. 2, ss. 311–331, 2022, doi: 10.53376/ap.2022.11.
ISNAD Kancı, Tuba - Tarcan, Umutcan. “Beden, Abjeksiyon Ve Patriarkal Tahakküm”. Alternatif Politika 14/2 (Haziran 2022), 311-331. https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2022.11.
JAMA Kancı T, Tarcan U. Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm. Altern. Polit. 2022;14:311–331.
MLA Kancı, Tuba ve Umutcan Tarcan. “Beden, Abjeksiyon Ve Patriarkal Tahakküm”. Alternatif Politika, c. 14, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 311-3, doi:10.53376/ap.2022.11.
Vancouver Kancı T, Tarcan U. Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm. Altern. Polit. 2022;14(2):311-3.