Böbrek Nakli Alıcılarında Korona Virüsün (COVID-19) Etkisi

Esma Selçuk; Hanan Alsammarraıe

doi:10.17343/sdutfd.863761

Derleme

Böbrek Nakli Alıcılarında Korona Virüsün (COVID-19) Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 28 Sayı: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, 73 - 78, 01.05.2021

Esma Selçuk Hanan Alsammarraıe

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.863761

Cited By: 1

Öz

Koronavirüs hastalığı (Covid-19), ilk olarak Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Hubei eyaletinde bildirilen, sistemik bir solunum yolu hastalığıdır. Covid-19, 11 Mart 2020'de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından küresel bir pandemi ilan edilmiş ve dünya çapında yüz binlerce insanın ölümüne neden olmuştur. Covid-19, Wuhan şehrindeki hayvan pazarlarında ortaya çıkan, RNA beta koronavirüsü olan yeni şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2'den (SARS-COV-2) kaynaklanmaktadır. İnsanlarda Covid-19, hava yoluyla kişiden kişiye bulaşan son derece bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. Yaş kriteri olmaksızın insanları enfekte etme kabiliyetine sahip olan Covid-19, kronik rahatsızlıkları olan hastaların morbidite ve mortalitesinde ciddi bir etkiye sahiptir. Kronik olarak bağışıklık sistemi baskılanması nedeniyle genel popülasyona kıyasla böbrek nakli alıcılarında (KTR), Covid-19 ciddi komplikasyon riskini attırmaktadır. Covid-19’lu KTR’ler genel popülasyona benzer şekilde hafif, orta ve şiddetli olarak klinik belirtiler göstermektedir. Fakat daha ağır seyrinin olabileceği de literatürde mevcuttur. Covid-19’lu KTR’lerde immünsüpresif (IS) ilaçların kullanımının azaltılmasının yarar sağladığı görülmüştür. Antiviral kullanım etkisi ise kişiden kişiye değişiklik göstermektedir. Literatür verilerine göre Covid-19’lu KTR’lerde lenfopeni görülürken IL-6 seviyesinde önemli ölçüde yükselme kaydedilmiştir. Aşı ve deney hayvanları çalışması ise literatürde mevcut değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, KTR, ACE2 Enzimi

Kaynakça

1. Zhan Y Z. "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome". GenBank Bethesda MD.2020.
2. Gülbahar M, Gök Metin Z, Koronavirüs-19’un Kardiyovasküler Sistem Üzerine Etkileri, Türkiye Klinikleri Hemsirelik Bilimleri. 2020; 12:2,305-314.
3. Hoffmann M et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Cell.2020;4:S0092-8674.(20)30229-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
4. Matsuyama S, Nao N, Shirato K, et al. Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci . 2020.
5. Hassanein Mohamed, Radhakrishnan Yeshwanter, Sedor John, Vachharajani Tushar, Vachharajani Vidula T, Augustine Joshua, Demirjian Sevag, Thomas George. COVID-19 and the kidney. Cleveland clinik journal of medicine .2020;87:10.
6. Pereira MR, Mohan S, Cohen DJ, et al. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: initial report from the US epicenter. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1800–1808. doi:10.1111/ajt.15941
7. Banerjee D, Popoola J, Shah S, et al. COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int. 2020;97:1076–1082. doi:10.1016/j. kint.2020.03.018.
8. Akalin E, Azzi Y, Bartash R, et al. Covid-19 and kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(25):2475-2477.
9. Columbia University Kidney Transplant Program. Early description of coronavirus 2019 disease in kidney transplant recipients in New York. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020:31;1150–1156. doi:10.1681/ASN.2020030375.
10. He X, Lau EHY, Wu P, et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26:672–675. doi:10.1038/ s41591-020-0869-5
11. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:565–574. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1.
12. Zhu L, Gong N, Liu B, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients: a summary of 10 confirmed cases in Wuhan, China. Eur Urol. 2020;77:748–754. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.039.
13. Fernández-Ruiz M, Andrés A, Loinaz C, et al. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: a single-center case series from Spain. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1849–1858. doi:10.1111/ajt.15929.
14. Nair V, Jandovitz N, Hirsch JS, et al. COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transpl. 2020;20(7):1819-1825.
15. Alberici F, Delbarba E, Manenti C, et al. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia.Kidney Int. 2020;97(6):1083-1088.
16. Montagud-Marrahi E, Cofan F, Torregrosa JV, et al. Preliminary data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Spanish single centre cohort of kidney recipients. Am J Transpl. 2020;May 5. https://doi. org/10.1111/ajt.15970.
17. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1177–1179. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001737
18. Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369:m1443. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443.
19. Wang X, Tan L, Wang X, et al. Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:107–109. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.023.
20. Fontana F, Alfano G, Mori G, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1902–1906.doi:10.1111/ajt.15935.
21. Su H, Yang M, Wan C, et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int. 2020;98:219–227. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003.
22. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323:2052– 2059. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775.
23. Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97:829– 838. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005.
24. Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, et al. Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task - Authors’ reply. Lancet. 2020;395:e100. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31185-5
25. Vardhana SA, Wolchok JD. The many faces of the anti- COVID immune response. J Exp Med. 2020;217:e20200678. doi:10.1084/jem.20200678.
26. Soler MJ, Barrios C, Oliva R, et al. Pharmacologic modulation of ACE2 expression. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2008;10:410–414. doi:10.1007/ s11906-008-0076-0.
27. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:e21. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8,
28. Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, et al. Renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1653–1659. doi:10.1056/NEJMsr2005760.
29. Fishman JA. The immunocompromised transplant recipient and SARSCoV-2 infection. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31:1147–1149. doi:10.1681/ ASN.2020040416.
30. Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Xia H, et al. Clinical characteristics and immunosuppressant management of coronavirus disease 2019 in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1916–1921.doi:10.1111/ajt.15928.
31. Meziyerh S, Zwart TC, van Etten RW, et al. Severe COVID-19 in a renal transplant recipient: a focus on pharmacokinetics. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1896–1901. doi:10.1111/ajt.15943.
32. Marx D, Moulin B, Fafi-Kremer S, et al. First case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient treated with belatacept. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1944–1946. doi:10.1111/ajt.15919.
33. Johnson KM, Belfer JJ, Peterson GR, et al. Managing COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients: a review of recent literature and case supporting corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40:517–524. doi:10.1002/phar.2410
34. Zhang L, Pang R, Xue X, et al. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12:6536–6542. doi:10.18632/aging.103102
35. Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, et al. Rational use of tocilizumab in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Clin Drug Investig. 2020:1–8. doi:10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3.
36. Xu X, Han M, Li T, et al. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2020;117:10970–10975. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005615117.
37. Gleeson SE, Formica RN, Marin EP. Outpatient management of the kidney transplant recipient during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;15:892–895. doi:10.2215/CJN.04510420
38. Read SA, Obeid S, Ahlenstiel C, et al. The role of zinc in antiviral immunity. Adv Nutr. 2019;10:696–710. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz013.
39. Kataria Ashish, Yakubu Idris, Winstead Ryan, Gowda Madan, and Gupta Gaurav. MD2COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation:Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice Transplantation DIRECT. 2020.ISSN: 2373-8731 DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001031

Effect of Corona Virus (COVID-19) in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 28 Sayı: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, 73 - 78, 01.05.2021

Esma Selçuk Hanan Alsammarraıe

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.863761

Cited By: 1

Öz

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a systemic respiratory illness first reported in Hubei province of China in December 2019. Covid-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, causing the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Covid-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), the RNA beta coronavirus, that appears in animal markets in Wuhan city. In humans, Covid-19 is a highly contagious disease that is transmitted from person to person by air. Covid-19, which has the ability to infect humans without age criteria, has a serious impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic diseases. Due to chronic immune system suppression In kidney transplant recipients (CTR) compared to the general population, Covid-19 increases the risk of serious complications. CTRs with Covid-19 show clinical symptoms such as mild, moderate and severe similar to the general population. However, it is also available in the literature that it may have a more severe course. It has been observed that it is beneficial in reducing the use of immunosuppressive (IS) drugs in CTRs with Covid-19. The use of antiviral effects varies from person to person. According to the literature data, while lymphopenia was seen in CTRs with Covid-19, a significant increase in IL-6 level was recorded. Vaccine and experimental animal studies are not available in the literature. In this review, it is aimed to discuss the role, epidemiology and symptoms of Covid-19 in CTRs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, CTR, ACE2 Enzyme

Kaynakça

1. Zhan Y Z. "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome". GenBank Bethesda MD.2020.
2. Gülbahar M, Gök Metin Z, Koronavirüs-19’un Kardiyovasküler Sistem Üzerine Etkileri, Türkiye Klinikleri Hemsirelik Bilimleri. 2020; 12:2,305-314.
3. Hoffmann M et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Cell.2020;4:S0092-8674.(20)30229-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
4. Matsuyama S, Nao N, Shirato K, et al. Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci . 2020.
5. Hassanein Mohamed, Radhakrishnan Yeshwanter, Sedor John, Vachharajani Tushar, Vachharajani Vidula T, Augustine Joshua, Demirjian Sevag, Thomas George. COVID-19 and the kidney. Cleveland clinik journal of medicine .2020;87:10.
6. Pereira MR, Mohan S, Cohen DJ, et al. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: initial report from the US epicenter. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1800–1808. doi:10.1111/ajt.15941
7. Banerjee D, Popoola J, Shah S, et al. COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int. 2020;97:1076–1082. doi:10.1016/j. kint.2020.03.018.
8. Akalin E, Azzi Y, Bartash R, et al. Covid-19 and kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(25):2475-2477.
9. Columbia University Kidney Transplant Program. Early description of coronavirus 2019 disease in kidney transplant recipients in New York. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020:31;1150–1156. doi:10.1681/ASN.2020030375.
10. He X, Lau EHY, Wu P, et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26:672–675. doi:10.1038/ s41591-020-0869-5
11. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:565–574. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1.
12. Zhu L, Gong N, Liu B, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients: a summary of 10 confirmed cases in Wuhan, China. Eur Urol. 2020;77:748–754. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.039.
13. Fernández-Ruiz M, Andrés A, Loinaz C, et al. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: a single-center case series from Spain. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1849–1858. doi:10.1111/ajt.15929.
14. Nair V, Jandovitz N, Hirsch JS, et al. COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transpl. 2020;20(7):1819-1825.
15. Alberici F, Delbarba E, Manenti C, et al. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia.Kidney Int. 2020;97(6):1083-1088.
16. Montagud-Marrahi E, Cofan F, Torregrosa JV, et al. Preliminary data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Spanish single centre cohort of kidney recipients. Am J Transpl. 2020;May 5. https://doi. org/10.1111/ajt.15970.
17. Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1177–1179. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001737
18. Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369:m1443. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443.
19. Wang X, Tan L, Wang X, et al. Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:107–109. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.023.
20. Fontana F, Alfano G, Mori G, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1902–1906.doi:10.1111/ajt.15935.
21. Su H, Yang M, Wan C, et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int. 2020;98:219–227. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003.
22. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323:2052– 2059. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775.
23. Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97:829– 838. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005.
24. Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, et al. Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task - Authors’ reply. Lancet. 2020;395:e100. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31185-5
25. Vardhana SA, Wolchok JD. The many faces of the anti- COVID immune response. J Exp Med. 2020;217:e20200678. doi:10.1084/jem.20200678.
26. Soler MJ, Barrios C, Oliva R, et al. Pharmacologic modulation of ACE2 expression. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2008;10:410–414. doi:10.1007/ s11906-008-0076-0.
27. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:e21. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8,
28. Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, et al. Renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1653–1659. doi:10.1056/NEJMsr2005760.
29. Fishman JA. The immunocompromised transplant recipient and SARSCoV-2 infection. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31:1147–1149. doi:10.1681/ ASN.2020040416.
30. Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Xia H, et al. Clinical characteristics and immunosuppressant management of coronavirus disease 2019 in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1916–1921.doi:10.1111/ajt.15928.
31. Meziyerh S, Zwart TC, van Etten RW, et al. Severe COVID-19 in a renal transplant recipient: a focus on pharmacokinetics. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1896–1901. doi:10.1111/ajt.15943.
32. Marx D, Moulin B, Fafi-Kremer S, et al. First case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient treated with belatacept. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1944–1946. doi:10.1111/ajt.15919.
33. Johnson KM, Belfer JJ, Peterson GR, et al. Managing COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients: a review of recent literature and case supporting corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40:517–524. doi:10.1002/phar.2410
34. Zhang L, Pang R, Xue X, et al. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12:6536–6542. doi:10.18632/aging.103102
35. Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, et al. Rational use of tocilizumab in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Clin Drug Investig. 2020:1–8. doi:10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3.
36. Xu X, Han M, Li T, et al. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2020;117:10970–10975. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005615117.
37. Gleeson SE, Formica RN, Marin EP. Outpatient management of the kidney transplant recipient during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;15:892–895. doi:10.2215/CJN.04510420
38. Read SA, Obeid S, Ahlenstiel C, et al. The role of zinc in antiviral immunity. Adv Nutr. 2019;10:696–710. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz013.
39. Kataria Ashish, Yakubu Idris, Winstead Ryan, Gowda Madan, and Gupta Gaurav. MD2COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation:Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice Transplantation DIRECT. 2020.ISSN: 2373-8731 DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001031

Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm	Derlemeler
Yazarlar	Esma Selçuk 0000-0002-1481-7834 Hanan Alsammarraıe 0000-0002-9687-1067
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi	18 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi	25 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 28 Sayı: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Selçuk E, Alsammarraıe H. Böbrek Nakli Alıcılarında Korona Virüsün (COVID-19) Etkisi. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2021;28(COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI):73-8.

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