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From Current Complexity to Possible Chaos: Bosnia Herzegovina Police System and Problems

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 89 - 105, 30.01.2020

Seda Öz Yıldız

Öz

It is considered that one of the most important indicators in understanding the legal, political and administrative structures of democratic countries is the police organizations. As a legitimate and armed law enforcement force, police organizations, with responsibility of the establishment and protection of public order and state-citizen relationship, take place focus of state mechanism. The subject of this study is to discuss the current situation and problems of the police organization system in Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex structure of the police in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which underwent major changes and transformations and significant reforms since the 1995 Dayton Agreement, brought many problems. In this study, these problems were defined as the politicization of the police in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ethnic-based discrimination in police employment, the ethnic nationalist reform attempts of the Republika Srpska region, and the Russian influence in this region and the decrease in the trust of the people developing in the region with the corruption problem. It is considered that the analysis of the police of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is an important experience in terms of predicting the possible turmoil in the Balkan region in the future, as it is an important experience for other countries involved in other post-conflict reform processes in the Balkan region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Republic of Bosnia Herzegovina BiH Police Administration Police Reform

Kaynakça

  • Avramovic, F. (2019). Balkan countries see police as corrupt, report says. Balkan Insight. 23 Temmuz 2019, https://Balkaninsight.Com/2015/07/23/Western-Balkans-Citizens-Believe-Police-Is-Corrupted-Report-Says/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Bosnian Serbs vote to form reserve police seen as threat by Muslims. (2019, 19 Nisan). Euractiv. https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/bosnian-serbs-vote-to-form-reserve-police-seen-as-threat-by-muslims/adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Bosnia's Republika Srpska entity parades gendarmerie. (2019, 24 Eylül). N1Info. http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a528690/Bosnia-s-Republika-Srpska-entity-parades-gendarmerie.html adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Census of Population BiH. (2013, 5 Kasım). First release. Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Dayton Peace Agreement, Annex 11: Agreement on International Police Force. http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_Id=380 adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Europe Report N°160. (2005). EU crisis response capability revisited. Bosnia's Stalled Police Reform: No Progress, No EU. Belgrade.
  • International Crisis Group. (1999). Is Dayton failing? Bosnia four years after the peace agreement. ICG [Bosnia]. Sarajevo.
  • Kalan, D. (2019, 20 Şubat). In Bosnia, a migrant way station is becoming a winter prison. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/20/ in-bosnia-a-migrant-way-station-is-becoming-a-winter-prison-bihac-croatia-borici-refugees/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Kovacevic, D. (2019a). Controversial reservist police force plans dropped in Bosnia. Balkan Insight. 24 Haziran 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2019/06/24/controversial-reservist-police-force-plans-dropped-in-bosnia/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Kovacevic, D. (2019b). Bosnian entities’ plans for new reservist police forces criticised. Balkan Insight. 10 Haziran 2019. https://balkaninsight.com/2019/06/10/ bosnian-entities-plans-for-new-reservist-police-forces-criticised/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Lakic, M. (2019a). Bosnia to strengthen border police after migrant increase. Balkan Insight. 19 Haziran 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2018/06/19/bosnia-s-police-border-getting-new-200-members-06-19-2018/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Lakic, M. (2019b). Bosnian Serbs unveil controversial new gendarmerie force. Balkan Insight. 24 Eylül 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2019/09/24/bosnian-serbs-unveil-controversial-new-gendarmerie-force/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Law on Direction for Coordination of Police Bodies And on Agencies of Support to Police Structure Of BiH, Official Gazette Of BiH No.36/08. http://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/ english/zakoni/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Law on Internal Affairs of Republika Srpska. Official Gazette of RS No. 4/12. https://mup.vladars.net/eng/index.php?vijest=propisi&vrsta=rs adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Law on Internal Affairs of The Federation of BiH, Official Gazette of BiH No. 81/2014. http://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/english/zakoni/. Erişim tarihi: 19 Eylül 2019.
  • Merlingen, M. ve Ostrauskaite, R. (2006). The AUPM in Bosnia. (iç) EU Peacebuilding and Policing: Governance and the European Security and Defence Policy. Merlingen, M ve Ostrauskaite, R. (Ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Mounier, G. (2007). European police missions: From security sector reform to externalization of internal security. HUMSEC Journal. Cilt 1. Graz: European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy.
  • Noocleous, M. (2008). Toplumsal düzenin inşası. (Çev.) Ahmet Bekmen, İstanbul: H2O Yayıncılık.
  • Održana 146. Sjednica Vijeća Ministara Bosne i Hercegovine. (2018, 18 Haziran). http://vijeceministara.gov.ba/saopstenja/sjednice/saopstenja_sa_sjednica/default.aspx?id=28581&langTag=bs-BA adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Official Gazette of BiH No. 27/04, 27/07, 35/05, 40/12, 49/09, 50/04, 59/09, 63/04, 35/05, 49/09 ve 40/12. http://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/english/zakoni/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Official Gazette of Brcko District 31/09, 60/10 and 31/11. http://www.ohr.int/?ohr_archive=supervisory-order-extending-the-mandate-of-the-independent-board-for-selection-and-review-of-work-of-the-chief-of-police-and-also-mandating-the-brcko-district-assembly-to-amend-the-law-on-police-of-th. adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Öz Yıldız, S. (2016). Demokratik polislik. Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yayınları.
  • Padarariu, A.M. (2014). The implementation of police reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Analysing UN and EU efforts. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development. 3(1): 4,1-18.
  • Pointpulse. (2015). Western Balkans pulse for police integrity and trust assessment of police integrıty in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy. Belgrad.
  • Williams, Z. (2019, 30 Haziran). Republika Srpska withdraws plans for a controversial reservist police force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Organization of World Peace. https://theowp.org/republika-srpska-withdraws-plans-for-a-controversial-reservist-police-force-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina/. adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Wisler, D. (2005). The police reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina. (iç) A. Ebnother ve P. Fluri (Ed.) Consortium Working Group Security Sector Reform (ss: 139-160). Vienna.

Mevcut Karmaşadan Muhtemel Kargaşaya: Bosna Hersek Polis Sistemi ve Sorunlar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 89 - 105, 30.01.2020

Seda Öz Yıldız

Öz

Demokratik ülkelerin hukuki, siyasi ve idari yapılarının anlaşılmasında polis teşkilatlarının analizi önemli bir göstergedir. Zira kamu düzeninin sağlanması ve korunmasından sorumlu, devlet vatandaş ilişkilerinde ön planda olan, meşru ve silahlı kanun uygulayıcı güç olan polis teşkilatları, devlet mekanizmalarının da odağında bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın konusunu, Bosna Hersek polis sisteminin mevcut durum ve sorunlar ekseninde analizi oluşturmaktadır. 1995 tarihli Dayton Anlaşması’ndan sonra temel değişim ve dönüşümler ile önemli reformlar yaşanan Bosna Hersek Polis Teşkilatı’nın karmaşık yapısı pek çok sorunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışmada bu sorunların başlıcaları olarak Bosna Hersek’te polisin siyasallaşması, polis görevlendirmelerinde etnisiteye dayalı ayrımcılık, Sırp Cumhuriyeti bölgesi polisinin etnik milliyetçi reform girişimleri ve Rusya’nın bu bölgedeki etkisi ile yolsuzluk sorunu ile bir arada gelişen halkın polise duyduğu güvenin azalması belirlenmiştir. Bosna Hersek polis teşkilatının analizinin başta Balkan coğrafyasındaki ülkeler olmak üzere diğer çatışma sonrası reform süreçlerinde bulunan pek çok ülke için özel bir deneyim olması ve gelecekte Balkan coğrafyasında yaşanabilecek olası kargaşaları öngörme açısından da önem arz eden bir konu olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosna Hersek Bosna Hersek Polis Teşkilatı Polis Reformu

Kaynakça

  • Avramovic, F. (2019). Balkan countries see police as corrupt, report says. Balkan Insight. 23 Temmuz 2019, https://Balkaninsight.Com/2015/07/23/Western-Balkans-Citizens-Believe-Police-Is-Corrupted-Report-Says/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Bosnian Serbs vote to form reserve police seen as threat by Muslims. (2019, 19 Nisan). Euractiv. https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/bosnian-serbs-vote-to-form-reserve-police-seen-as-threat-by-muslims/adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Bosnia's Republika Srpska entity parades gendarmerie. (2019, 24 Eylül). N1Info. http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a528690/Bosnia-s-Republika-Srpska-entity-parades-gendarmerie.html adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Census of Population BiH. (2013, 5 Kasım). First release. Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. http://www.bhas.ba/obavjestenja/Preliminarni_rezultati_bos.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Dayton Peace Agreement, Annex 11: Agreement on International Police Force. http://www.ohr.int/dpa/default.asp?content_Id=380 adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Europe Report N°160. (2005). EU crisis response capability revisited. Bosnia's Stalled Police Reform: No Progress, No EU. Belgrade.
  • International Crisis Group. (1999). Is Dayton failing? Bosnia four years after the peace agreement. ICG [Bosnia]. Sarajevo.
  • Kalan, D. (2019, 20 Şubat). In Bosnia, a migrant way station is becoming a winter prison. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/02/20/ in-bosnia-a-migrant-way-station-is-becoming-a-winter-prison-bihac-croatia-borici-refugees/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Kovacevic, D. (2019a). Controversial reservist police force plans dropped in Bosnia. Balkan Insight. 24 Haziran 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2019/06/24/controversial-reservist-police-force-plans-dropped-in-bosnia/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Kovacevic, D. (2019b). Bosnian entities’ plans for new reservist police forces criticised. Balkan Insight. 10 Haziran 2019. https://balkaninsight.com/2019/06/10/ bosnian-entities-plans-for-new-reservist-police-forces-criticised/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Lakic, M. (2019a). Bosnia to strengthen border police after migrant increase. Balkan Insight. 19 Haziran 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2018/06/19/bosnia-s-police-border-getting-new-200-members-06-19-2018/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Lakic, M. (2019b). Bosnian Serbs unveil controversial new gendarmerie force. Balkan Insight. 24 Eylül 2019, https://balkaninsight.com/2019/09/24/bosnian-serbs-unveil-controversial-new-gendarmerie-force/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Law on Direction for Coordination of Police Bodies And on Agencies of Support to Police Structure Of BiH, Official Gazette Of BiH No.36/08. http://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/ english/zakoni/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Law on Internal Affairs of Republika Srpska. Official Gazette of RS No. 4/12. https://mup.vladars.net/eng/index.php?vijest=propisi&vrsta=rs adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Law on Internal Affairs of The Federation of BiH, Official Gazette of BiH No. 81/2014. http://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/english/zakoni/. Erişim tarihi: 19 Eylül 2019.
  • Merlingen, M. ve Ostrauskaite, R. (2006). The AUPM in Bosnia. (iç) EU Peacebuilding and Policing: Governance and the European Security and Defence Policy. Merlingen, M ve Ostrauskaite, R. (Ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Mounier, G. (2007). European police missions: From security sector reform to externalization of internal security. HUMSEC Journal. Cilt 1. Graz: European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy.
  • Noocleous, M. (2008). Toplumsal düzenin inşası. (Çev.) Ahmet Bekmen, İstanbul: H2O Yayıncılık.
  • Održana 146. Sjednica Vijeća Ministara Bosne i Hercegovine. (2018, 18 Haziran). http://vijeceministara.gov.ba/saopstenja/sjednice/saopstenja_sa_sjednica/default.aspx?id=28581&langTag=bs-BA adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Official Gazette of BiH No. 27/04, 27/07, 35/05, 40/12, 49/09, 50/04, 59/09, 63/04, 35/05, 49/09 ve 40/12. http://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/english/zakoni/ adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Official Gazette of Brcko District 31/09, 60/10 and 31/11. http://www.ohr.int/?ohr_archive=supervisory-order-extending-the-mandate-of-the-independent-board-for-selection-and-review-of-work-of-the-chief-of-police-and-also-mandating-the-brcko-district-assembly-to-amend-the-law-on-police-of-th. adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Öz Yıldız, S. (2016). Demokratik polislik. Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yayınları.
  • Padarariu, A.M. (2014). The implementation of police reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Analysing UN and EU efforts. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development. 3(1): 4,1-18.
  • Pointpulse. (2015). Western Balkans pulse for police integrity and trust assessment of police integrıty in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy. Belgrad.
  • Williams, Z. (2019, 30 Haziran). Republika Srpska withdraws plans for a controversial reservist police force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Organization of World Peace. https://theowp.org/republika-srpska-withdraws-plans-for-a-controversial-reservist-police-force-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina/. adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Wisler, D. (2005). The police reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina. (iç) A. Ebnother ve P. Fluri (Ed.) Consortium Working Group Security Sector Reform (ss: 139-160). Vienna.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seda Öz Yıldız 0000-0002-2130-3938

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öz Yıldız, S. (2020). Mevcut Karmaşadan Muhtemel Kargaşaya: Bosna Hersek Polis Sistemi ve Sorunlar. International Journal of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, 2(2), 89-105.
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